Proliferative Effect of Retinal Glial Cells by Growth Factors

The authors tried to evaluate the effect of the growth factors on cell proliferation in the human retina astrocyte culture. Each growth factor, EGF, bFGF, GGF, IGF-1 or PDGF, together with BrdU was added to astrocytes-enriched cultures in the serum-free media. The proliferating effect of each growth factor was evaluated by a double immunofluo- rescenece labelling for GFAP and BrdU. By and addition of each growth factor, the number of retinal astrocytes at the synthetic stage significantly increased than those of control group (p<0.01). In comparision, PDGF was more potent than IGF-1 (p<0.01). Above data extended the concept of astrocytic proliferation caused by several growth factors in human retinal injury.

A Case of Angiocentric Lymphoma

Angiocentric lymphoma is a lymphoma like lesion which has been known as a lethal midline granuloma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis and polymorphic reticulosis. It involves predominantly lungs, and other extranodal sites such as upper respiratory tract, skin, kidneys, peripheral nervous system and CNS. The authors experienced a case of angiocentric lymphoma which was misdiagnosed as orbital cellulitis because there were persistent epiphora, erythematous swelling in dacryocyst area and diffuse edema in upper and lower eyelids which occurred after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This case was diagnosised as angiocentric lymphoma through multiple tissue biopsies. This disease is rare, especially in orbit and eyelid. It leads to the destruction and inflammation of tissue. To avoid misdiagnosis to orbital cellulitis, accurate biopsy is needed with the interchange of clinical informations with pathologist. We report this case with the review of literatures.

A Clinical Study on Infectious Corneal Ulcer

From 1986 to 1995, 75 eyes of 75 patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of infectious corneal ulcer at Chunbuk university hospital were analyzed on the etiologic agents and clinical findings. Etiologic agents of infectious corneal ulcer were classified as 49 bacterial ulcers(65.3%) and 26 fungal ulcers(34.7%). The most common isolated bacteria was 8 cases of coagulase negative staphylococcus and pseudomonas species was the most common isolated gram negative organism. Candida species was the most commonly isolated fungus. Hypopyon was noted in 30 cases(40%) of infectious corneal ulcers, 14 cases in small ulcer group and 16 cases in large ulcer group. There was no difference between severity and presence of hypopyon of the 75cases (P>0.05. chi-square test).

A Clinical Study on Trauamtic Hyphema in Chunbuk area

A retrospective study was made of 334 consecutive cases of traumatic hyphema in the rural Chonbuk population. The average age of these patients was 26.2 years with the majority being male(91.9%). The major causes of traumatic hyphema were blow injuries(166 patients, 49.7%). The only 13 aptients(3.9%) had agriculture related injuries. Secondary hemorrhage occured in 23(6.9%) of all patient, and mainly between the second and fourth day following admission. A separate group of 88 patients(26.3%) who were admitted to hospital 24 hours or more after sustaining injury were found to have a secondary hemorrhage rate of 10.2%(nine of 88 patients). No secondary hemorrhage occured in Grade 0 hyphema. 22 eyes(6.5%) had a final visual acuity of 0.3 or worse. Retinal pathology,not hemorrhage, was most often responsible among those patients suffering poor visual outcome. In this study on the population of Chunbuk province, some patients were treated late, and had a high incidence of secondary hemorrhge.

Two cases of External Carotid-Opthalmic Anastomosis in Takayasu's Arteritis

Takayasu's arteritis is the chronic inflammatory panarteritis of unknown pathogenesis, affecting aortic arch and main arotic branches, pulmonary and renal arteries. It mainly affects young oriental women and cause chronic ischemic injury to tissues of the brian, orbits, upper limbs, myocardium, and kidneys. The ophthalmologic features are tend to be late the manifestations of Takayasu's arteritis and include ischemia of the retina, choroid, and anterior segment. We experienced two cases of Takayasu's arteritis whose ipsilateral ophthalmic artery was completely occluded. yet maintained proper visual acuity by external carotid-ophthalmic anastomosis.

Proliferation of Porcine Retinal Pigment Epithelium after Laser Photocoagulation in Organ Culture

Laser photocoagulation was applied in vitro to organ culture exoplants of porcine retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) attached to Bruch's membrane, choroid, and sclera using the Del Priore method for de-monstrating the proliferation of RPE cells and characterizing the response with respect to power level of treatment. Six-millimetor-round buttons of eyewall were treated with 20-30 spots from the argon bluegreen laser using a 500 micrometer spot size, 0.1s duration, and variable powers(100mW, 300mW, and 500mW). Group 1 is untreated control group and group 2(100mW) and group 4(500mW) showed less active proliferation of RPE than group 3(300mW). In group 3, all RPE cells, Bruch's membrane, and a part of choroid were disrupted and lifted off three hours after laser photocoagulation and then RPE cells began to proliferate actively at third day. The treated area became completely covered with several layers of RPE cells. The proliferation of RPE cells turned out to be larger when the power was moderate(300mW) as compared to the case when the power was too high(500mW) or too low(100mW).

Primary Malignant Lymphoma of The Bilateral Orbit

The primary malignant lymphoma of the orbit is a very rare condition. The authers experienced a case of primary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma on the bilateral orbit in 55 year old male without other systemic symptoms and signs. The primary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was confirmed by biopsy and histopathologic examination. The patient was treated with combination chemotherapy and the tumor has not been recurred during the follow up of 12 months.

Optic Disc Neovascularization in Chronic Anterior Uveitis

Optic disc neovascularization is known to occur in occlusive vascular diseases or chronic posterior inflammatory conditions. It has been recently reported to occur in chronic anterior uveitis. The authors treated a patient with optic disc neovascularization associated with chronic anterior uveitis with topical and systemic steroid administration. The authors present our experience of optic disc neovascularization in chronic anterior uveitis with a brief review of the literatures related to this disease.

Pseudophakic Endophthalmitis

The authors treated 12 patients with pseudophakic endophthalmitis over a 5 year period between 1990 and 1994. Common clinical manifestations included anterior chamber inflammation, conjunctival injection, decreased visual acuity, ocular pain and hypopyon. Eight of 12 cases(67%) were culture positive when organisms were grown up from aspirates of the aqueous, the vitreous or both. Three of the culture positive cases were grown up from aspirates of the aqueous, the vitreous or both. Three of the culture positive cases were candida endophthalmitis. Treatment consisted of topical, periocular, systemic and intravitreal injection of antimicrobial agents. In addition, because of poor clinical response of medical conservative therapy, six cases had a vitrectomy. Intraocular lenses were removed in 3 candida endophthalmitis at second operation. Final visual acuity has better in culture negative and low virulent bacterial endophthalimitis than high virulent bacterial and candida endophthalmitis. Visual outcome was better in cured patients who received a single intravitreal injection or a single intravitreal injection in combination with virectomy than the patients who did not receive intravitreal injection or received repeated intravitreal injection. Complications were two eviscerations and a retinal detachment.

A Case of Septo-Optic Dysplasia-Schizencephaly Complex

Septo-optic dysplasia is diagnosed when optic nerve hypoplasia is combined with dysgenesis of the septum pellucidum and nearly two-thirds of them have hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. A number of these patients have schizencephaly and usually present seizures. The migrational disorders including schizencephaly, lissencephaly, heterotopia and polymicrogyria are a rare group of congenital malformations of the brain Septo-optic dysplasia-schizencephaly complex is frequently associated with endocrinolo gic, ophthalmologic, and neurologic symptoms and signs. We recently experienced a case of septo-optic dysplasia-schizencephaly, who showed severe visual impairment associated nystagmus and bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia agenesis of septum pellucidum with schizencephaly and hypsarrythmia. Because some forms of migrational disorders and septo-optic dysplasia can be inherited, parental counseling is essential for the accurate diagnosis.

A Case of Retinal Detachment Associated with Lens Coloboma

Rarely, break in the non-pigmented epithelium in the pars plicata can occur and sometimes develop into retinal detachment. We experienced a case of retinal detachment associated with lens coloboma in 34-year-old male. A break in the non-pigmented epithelium in pars plicata was found with retinal detachment. We treated the break by cryoapplication, scleral buckling and encircling.

A Case of Solitary Choroidal Tuberculoma

Solitary choroidal tubercle is rare disease nowadays although it was frequently reported in the old literatures. It is characterized by indefinite yellowish-white round nodule in the posterior pole of the eyeball in young adults with inactive disease. It is sometimes protruded toward vitreous cavity with retinal necrosis, vitreous opacity and cyclitis. Authors experienced a case of solitary choroidal tubercle which had been misdiagnosed as a malignant melanoma. We confirmed it by pathologic findings.

A Case of Orbital Malignant Lymphoma

The primary Malignant lymphoma of the orbit is a relatiely uncommon condition. The authers experienced a case of primary orbital malignant lymphoma in 59 year old female. The malgnant lymphocytic lymphoma was confirmed by excisional biopsy, and local radiation theraphy was followed. There has been no sign of recurrence at the orbital region and the other sites for postoperative 12 months.

A Case of Orbital Malignant Lymphoma

The primary Malignant lymphoma of the orbit is a relatiely uncommon condition. The authers experienced a case of primary orbital malignant lymphoma in 59 year old female. The malgnant lymphocytic lymphoma was confirmed by excisional biopsy, and local radiation theraphy was followed. There has been no sign of recurrence at the orbital region and the other sites for postoperative 12 months.

Early Developed Candida Endophthalmitis Following Intracapsular Cataract Extraction

Candida albicans endophthalmitis following cataract surgery is fortunately rare complication, but once the infection is established, its course is unrelenting and the prognosis for a good visual result is usually very guarded. The authors experienced a case of culture-proved Candida albicans endophthalmitis following intracapsular cataract extraction in a 74-year old man. Endophthalmitis was resolved after treatment with intravitreal injection of amphotericin B, intravenous amphotericin B, oral Ketoconazole and 2% of topical Ketoconazole.

Granuloma Pyogenicum of the Conjunctiva Occurred after Removal of Pterygium

Granuloma pyogenicum is an acutely and chronically inflamed granulation tissue protruded on conjunctiva, cornea, limbus and lid, which results from surgical trauma, foreign body, microbial infection or parasite as well as spontaneous occurrence. It rapidly enlarges forming painless polypoid mass, and consists of many inflammatory cells and characteristically well-developed capillaries. It can be frequently misinterpreted as squamous cell carcinoma or other tumor. Treatment is radical excision and electric fulguration followed by suture. The authors experenced a case of granuloma pyogenicum occurred after removal of pterygium.

A Case of Congenital Limbal Dermoid Cyst

dermoids are unusual congenital anomalies consisting of abnormal mesoblastic tissue covered by epithelium. They usually start at limbal region and extend centrally. The authors have experienced a case of congenital limbal dermoid cyst which is not associated with other anomalies in a 17 year old male. Cyst was locally excised with no significant difficulties and it was histologically typical. Authors review the literature dealing with dermoid cyst and clinical finding.

Lid Coloboma with Congenital Anomalies

The authors experienced a case of lid cloboma with congenital anomalies. Congenital colobomas of the lid are uncommon but, if extensive, they may be difficult problems in reconstruction. A case, 17 years old male, lid coloboma characterized by congenital anomalies with both upperlid coloboma, symblepharon of left eye. corneal opacity, nystagmus, microophthalmia, hypertelorism, abduction deficiency, proboscis, deformity of ears, macrostomia, high palate, receding chin, funnel chest, hypertrichosis on the back, flexion deformities of the fingers, spoon nails, and multiple warts on dorsum of both hands. The authors performed the Cutler-Beard procedure on the right upperlid and three suture technique on the left upperlid, followed by eyelash transplantation and lateral canthotomy on both eyes. A brief review of relating references is described.

Eye Symptoms and Signs in Multiple Myeloma

The authors experienced a case of multiple myeloma associated with the retinal hemorrhage and the iridescent crystalline deposit on cornea. In multiple myeloma, retinal hemorrage and corneal opacity may occure. If the patient has retinal hemorrage and corneal oPacity that can be often seen in the process of examining the eyes, ophthalmologists occasionally diagnosed uncertainly with the eye only. The authors may be unknown why retinal hemorrage and corneal opacity occurred unless we knew other systemic symptoms in this case. Hence we discovered the eye symptoms and signs of multiple myeloma in the references and reported a case of multiple myeloma associated with retinal hemorrage and corneal opacity.

A Statistical Observation of the Exophthalmos

The author analized statistically 64 cases of the exophthalmos among the 18,428 out and in patient who visited to the Department of Ophthalmology, from Jan. 1, 1966 to Dec. 31,1975. 1. The incidence of exophthalmos was 0.35%. 2. 14 kinds of the diseases were recognized. 3. Most prevalent disease was retinoblastoma. 4. It was shown that the incidence was more prevalent in male than in female. 5. There was no distinctive feature on left and right. 6. Both eyes were affected in 6.2%. 7. There was no regular relationship between exophthalmos and visual acuity.